Heritage of Southwest Asia

Heritage of Southwest Asia

Chlorite from the southeast of Iran: A Stone of the Passage of Time and Culture

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Conservation and Archaeometry Group, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 1. Seminari D’Estudis I Recerques Prehistòriques (SERP), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 2. Archéosciences Bordeaux – UMR 6034 CNRS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Bordeaux, France
3 Archéosciences Bordeaux – UMR 6034 CNRS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Bordeaux, France
10.22034/hsaj.2026.565390.1036
Abstract
Chlorite is a metamorphic rock that can be found in ophiolites or areas with a high degree of regional metamorphism. The stone was mostly considered within a wide cultural context and for long-term usage due to its unique, fashioned characters and prestigious green-grey color tone. Due to its low hardness, chlorite is relatively easy to carve, and was a material of choice for small artefacts. Around the Persian Gulf, this stone was excavated in prehistory and antiquity, which was used to make vessels and small objects from the Neolithic to modern days. Between the third and second millennium before the Common Era, in the south and southeast of Iran, chlorite objects were prestige objects associated with funerary practices and were traded over long distances. Since the first discoveries, there have been debates about their provenance, but because the archaeological knowledge about the fashioned raw reservoirs in these regions is deeply complex, the nature, chronology, and modalities of this chlorite production and trade are still largely unknown. Therefore, the goal of this research is to synthetise the differences between the three main styles traded around the Persian Gulf - namely the Intercultural, Umm an-Nar and Wadi Suq styles - and describe their particularities, distribution, and production areas. The basis of this part was the conception of some focal points, listing as exhaustively as possible the occurrences of chlorite artefacts, as well as the mapping of their distributions, and their formation in diverse geological contexts.

Graphical Abstract

Chlorite from the southeast of Iran: A Stone of the Passage of Time and Culture
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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 21 June 2025