Heritage of Southwest Asia

Heritage of Southwest Asia

Staging Survival in Nature: An Archaeological and Heritage Analysis of Performative Bushcraft and Its Threats to Caves and Rockshelters

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Department of Geology, Faculty of Geology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/hsaj.2026.583845.1051
Abstract
In recent years, the circulation of videos related to bushcraft, survival in nature, shelter construction, and staying in caves and rockshelters has increased on social media platforms. This article examines the phenomenon of “staging survival in nature” as a form of display-oriented intervention; interventions in which the physical manipulation of the environment gains meaning in relation to visual content production, audience attraction, and digital circulation. The main research question is what kinds of interventions are observable in these videos in caves and rockshelters, and what implications these behaviours may have from the perspectives of archaeology, natural-cultural heritage protection, and the management of sensitive spaces. The study is based on the qualitative–quantitative content analysis of 64 publicly available YouTube videos from nine channels. These videos, identified through purposive and chain-based sampling in Azar and Dey 1404, correspond to 64 independent places in Iran and were mainly published between 2023 and 2025. Indicators such as digging or levelling the floor, moving stone and sediment, blocking the entrance or part of the space, fire-making, smoke production, overnight occupation, modifying walls or ceilings, hunting, and connections with treasure-hunting narratives or the search for objects were recorded and assessed. Based on the intensity of visible intervention, 38 videos were classified as high risk, 19 as medium risk, and 7 as low risk. The results show that, even without field confirmation of the archaeological status of all locations, these behaviours may threaten sedimentary context, stratigraphic readability, rock surfaces, cultural evidence, and cave ecosystems. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for digital monitoring, public education, avoiding the publication of sensitive location indicators, developing guidelines for responsible behaviour, and cooperation among cultural heritage, environmental, natural resources, and caving institutions.
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