Carpet weaving in Iran constitutes an essential component of the cultural identity of this land. The motifs and designs embedded in these handwoven textiles are deeply rooted in the nation’s cultural heritage; therefore, the Persian carpet has long served purposes far beyond mere functional use. Qajar-period carpets, in particular, represent one of the richest artistic legacies of Iran. These carpets incorporate a wide range of themes, including historical, religious, and literary content. The present study aims to analyze the formal structure and thematic content of inscriptions woven into Qajar carpets preserved in the Carpet Museum of Iran. This period, marked by expanding cultural interactions and shifts in visual taste, witnessed a heightened presence of calligraphy and inscriptional elements within carpet design. The research employs a descriptive–analytical method, drawing upon both library-based and field data. The study sample consists of fifteen inscribed Qajar carpets, whose inscriptions were examined in terms of thematic content, calligraphic style, and framing structure. Findings indicate that the inscriptions fall into three major thematic categories: literary, historical, and scientific (astronomical). These include Persian poetic verses, laudatory expressions referring to kings, dates of weaving, names of weavers and patrons, names of historical figures, architectural monuments, and astronomical symbols. In terms of form, twelve types of inscriptional frames were identified, among which the elongated toranj (medallion) frame was the most frequently used. Regarding calligraphy, Nastaliq, appearing in fourteen carpets, was the predominant script, followed by Naskh. Overall, the inscriptions in Qajar carpets function not merely as decorative elements but as carriers of historical, cultural, and identity-based information. They establish a meaningful relationship between text, image, and the visual structure of the carpet, transforming these woven works into multidimensional cultural documents.