Tombstones represent some of the most valuable archaeological evidence, as they reflect not only artistic aspects and stone-carving techniques but also the climatic, cultural, social, and ritual conditions of past communities. The Armenian cemeteries of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, as material evidence of the Armenian presence in this region, constitute a valuable source for understanding the culture, identity, and way of life of Armenian communities through their diversity of motifs, symbols, and inscriptions. This study aims to analyze the meanings and concepts embedded in the motifs and inscriptions of Armenian tombstones and to investigate the social, cultural, and religious status of Armenians in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. The main research questions are: What are the morphological and decorative characteristics of the tombstones in these cemeteries, and how do their motifs and inscriptions reflect the beliefs, cultural identity, and religious structures of the Armenian communities in the region? This research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach based on field investigations and documentary studies. The statistical population of the study consists of 17 prominent cemeteries containing decorated and inscribed tombstones. The findings indicate that the tombstones were produced in various forms, including arched (mihrab-shaped), cradle-shaped, coffin-shaped, and simple types, and were decorated with anthropomorphic, vegetal, zoomorphic, symbolic motifs, depictions of objects and tools, as well as inscriptions in Armenian and, in some cases, Persian. These decorative elements reflect the religious beliefs, cultural values, and artistic traditions of the Armenian communities. Analysis of the dates recorded on the tombstones and their comparison with written sources suggests that these cemeteries can be chronologically attributed from the Safavid period to the Pahlavi era. Furthermore, the carved motifs, beyond their aesthetic significance, represent the beliefs, ideas, gender identity, social status, and occupations of the deceased. In terms of iconography and execution techniques, these tombstones demonstrate considerable similarities with contemporary examples from surrounding regions, while simultaneously preserving their own local characteristics and distinctive cultural identity.